02904cam a22003973u 450000100060000000300070000600500170001300600020003000700050003200800410003701000130007804000110009104100170010205000070011910000310012624500450015726400510020230000470025333600260030033700260032633800360035249000470038850000310043550802040046652013750067053400580204565300320210365300390213565300360217465300430221065300530225365300590230683000470236585600510241285600430246374562UtSlPG20260610134727.0mcr n260607r20241910utu|||||o|||||||||||||| d  a10014116  aUtSlPG 7afr2iso639-1 4aJS1 aPirenne, Henri,d1862-193514aLes anciennes démocraties des Pays-Bas 1aSalt Lake City, UT :bProject Gutenberg,c2024  a1 online resource :bmultiple file formats  atextbtxt2rdacontent  acomputerbc2rdamedia  aonline resourcebcr2rdacarrier1 aBibliothèque de Philosophie scientifique  aRelease date is 2024-10-11  aLaurent Vogel, Pierre Lacaze and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This book was produced from scanned images of public domain material from the Google Books project.)  a"Les anciennes démocraties des Pays-Bas" by Henri Pirenne is a historical account written in the early 20th century. The book explores the urban democracies that developed in the historical region known as the Netherlands, focusing particularly on the Middle Ages and how these city-states emerged and evolved. It examines the origins of cities, the economic and social conditions that fostered their growth, and the reasons behind their eventual decline.  The opening of the work introduces the context in which urban life in the Netherlands developed, emphasizing that the area was characterized by late urbanization compared to other regions in Europe. Pirenne discusses the importance of trade and commerce in transforming these territories, which were previously agricultural and rural, into bustling economic hubs. He outlines the significant influence of local governance structures, defined by a mix of military necessity and trade, leading to the formation of cities. As the chapter unfolds, it begins to delineate the emergence of a merchant class and the transformative role of gilde (guilds) in establishing a new urban social order. Overall, the initial sections set the groundwork for a detailed exploration of the unique political and social dynamics that shaped the historical landscape of the Netherlands. (This is an automatically generated summary.)  pOriginally published:cParis: Ernest Flammarion, 1910  aCities and towns -- Belgium  aBelgium -- Politics and government  aCities and towns -- Netherlands  aNetherlands -- Politics and government  aCities and towns -- France -- Nord-Pas-de-Calais  aNord-Pas-de-Calais (France) -- Politics and government 0aBibliothèque de Philosophie scientifique4 uhttps://books.google.com/books?id=fyxEAAAAcAAJ40uhttps://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/74562