<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<record
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/schema/MARC21slim.xsd"
    xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">

  <leader>02938cam a22003733u 4500</leader>
  <controlfield tag="001">76395</controlfield>
  <controlfield tag="003">UtSlPG</controlfield>
  <controlfield tag="005">20260610134752.0</controlfield>
  <controlfield tag="006">m</controlfield>
  <controlfield tag="007">cr n</controlfield>
  <controlfield tag="008">260607r20251910utu|||||o|||||||||||||| d</controlfield>
  <datafield tag="010" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">41042055</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">UtSlPG</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2="7">
    <subfield code="a">fr</subfield>
    <subfield code="2">iso639-1</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="4">
    <subfield code="a">JC</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Faguet, &#xC9;mile,</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">1847-1916</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="3">
    <subfield code="a">Le culte de l'incomp&#xE9;tence</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1">
    <subfield code="a">Salt Lake City, UT :</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">Project Gutenberg,</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">2025</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">1 online resource :</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">multiple file formats</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">text</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">txt</subfield>
    <subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">computer</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">c</subfield>
    <subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">online resource</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">cr</subfield>
    <subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="490" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Les &#xE9;tudes contemporaines</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Release date is 2025-06-27</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="508" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Laurent Vogel (This file was produced from images generously made available by the Biblioth&#xE8;que nationale de France (BnF/Gallica))</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">"Le culte de l'incomp&#xE9;tence" by &#xC9;mile Faguet is a political essay written in the early 20th century. It argues that mass democracies, intent on equality and direct control, displace specialized competence with passion-driven representation, leading parliaments to govern, administer, and legislate poorly. The work contrasts this drift with an ideal of informed, moderate, and detached lawmaking and warns of a polity that politicizes every function and churns out reactive, short-lived laws.  The opening of the essay situates the book within a contemporary studies series, then revisits Montesquieu&#x2019;s idea that each regime has a guiding principle to claim that democracy&#x2019;s is the worship of incompetence. Faguet illustrates how popular sovereignty erodes specialization: Athens replaced trained judges with paid jurors; modern democracies evolved from filtered elections to direct representation that rewards passion over expertise, producing &#x201C;politicians&#x201D; dependent on the crowd. He shows the legislature usurping executive and administrative roles, dictating appointments and decisions, distrusting inamovibility, and turning governance into partisan oversight, while genuine competence retreats to private professions that the state seeks to nationalize; even socialism, he argues, would slide toward despotism. He then sketches the truly competent legislator&#x2014;well informed about a people&#x2019;s temperament, moderate, and free of passion&#x2014;favoring insinuation over command and prudence in changing laws, before concluding that democracy instead elects impassioned, uninformed lawmakers who pass episodic, event-driven measures like a daily newspaper. (This is an automatically generated summary.)</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="534" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="p">Originally published:</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">Paris: Bernard Grasset, 1910</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Democracy</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">France -- Politics and government</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Mental efficiency</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="830" ind1=" " ind2="0">
    <subfield code="a">Les &#xE9;tudes contemporaines</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="u">https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k2069186</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0">
    <subfield code="u">https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/76395</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="c">117120</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">117120</subfield>
  </datafield>
</record>
