02711cam a22003253u 450000100060000000300070000600500170001300600020003000700050003200800410003701000130007804000110009104100170010205000070011910000280012624500250015426400510017930000470023033600260027733700260030333800360032950000310036550801900039652015690058653400990215565300160225465300090227085600630227985600430234276900UtSlPG20260610134800.0mcr n260607r20251915utu|||||o|||||||||||||| d  a15018862  aUtSlPG 7aen2iso639-1 4aJC1 aBoas, Franz,d1858-194210aRace and nationality 1aSalt Lake City, UT :bProject Gutenberg,c2025  a1 online resource :bmultiple file formats  atextbtxt2rdacontent  acomputerbc2rdamedia  aonline resourcebcr2rdacarrier  aRelease date is 2025-09-19  aAaron Adrignola, Daniel Lowe, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)  a"Race and nationality by Franz Boas" is a scholarly essay in anthropology and social thought written in the early 20th century. The work challenges popular beliefs about race and nationalism, arguing that supposed racial instincts and pure racial types are myths, that nationality rests on shared culture more than blood or language, and that humanity should move toward a federation of nations.  The essay rejects the idea that Europe’s conflict is a war of races, showing that physical types and ancestries are widely mixed and do not match national borders or languages. It dismantles the blond Aryan myth, finds no evidence for the inferiority of mixed populations, and explains that what we call race often masks national habit and sentiment. Nationality, it argues, grows from common habits, feelings, and political life; language can aid it but is not essential, as shown by places like Belgium and Switzerland, and even polyglot empires can develop shared civic ideals. While acknowledging nationalism’s creative role in enlarging the individual’s field of action, the essay warns against its aggressive, expansionist misuse in pan-movements. Tracing social evolution from small hordes to nations, it proposes the next step: a federation of nations with common aims, surpassing mere arbitration. It concludes that education should temper patriotic fervor with international ethics, and that war is defensible only to protect the integrity of essential ideals, not to impose one nation’s will on others. (This is an automatically generated summary.)  pOriginally published:cNew York, NY: American Association for International Conciliation, 1915  aNationalism  aRace4 uhttps://archive.org/details/racenationality00boas/mode/2up40uhttps://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/76900