03342cam a22003613u 450000100060000000300070000600500170001300600020003000700050003200800410003701000130007804000110009104100170010205000070011910000160012624500280014226400510017030000470022133600260026833700260029433800360032050000310035650800150038752022620040253400540266465300220271865300150274065300500275565300390280585600740284485600430291899900190296177090UtSlPG20260610134803.0mcr n260607r20251927utu|||||o|||||||||||||| d  a28014920  aUtSlPG 7aen2iso639-1 4aDG1 aLion, Aline14aThe pedigree of fascism 1aSalt Lake City, UT :bProject Gutenberg,c2025  a1 online resource :bmultiple file formats  atextbtxt2rdacontent  acomputerbc2rdamedia  aonline resourcebcr2rdacarrier  aRelease date is 2025-10-20  aSean/IB@DP  aThe pedigree of fascism : A popular essay on the Western philosophy of… by Aline Lion is a political-philosophical essay written in the early 20th century. It examines Italian Fascism as both a national outgrowth and a universal doctrine, setting it against the political history of post-unification Italy and the broader currents of European thought. The work aims to clarify for general readers what Fascism claims to be, how it arose, and why its philosophy should not simply be exported, while situating its roots from the Risorgimento and World War I to an intellectual lineage running from the Renaissance to Croce and Gentile.  The opening of the book asks whether Fascism is a revolution and answers by defining it as a new, immanent relation between State and citizen that rejects “natural rights,” binds rights to duties, and treats citizenship as a moral-spiritual practice. It contrasts universal ideas with their local, historical “form,” likens this to the French Revolution, and then surveys Italy’s political path: an elite-led Risorgimento that unified the state but ignored social and economic realities; a Liberalism that imported foreign models, mishandled Church-state tensions, and lacked party discipline; Socialism that awakened workers yet tilted toward materialist aims and coercive tactics; and Nationalism that was lofty but too external and statist. The narrative moves through Italy’s hesitant neutrality and irredentist push into World War I, arguing that the war (especially after Caporetto) forged a genuine national conscience, turning subjects into citizens—the true culmination of the Risorgimento—only for postwar disillusion, factory seizures, and Fiume to expose a hollow state. It concludes this opening movement by presenting Fascism as a practical, anti-ideological method that synthesizes class interests through duty-bound citizenship and order, then pivots to its philosophical pedigree, introducing Fascism’s aim-centered method, Gentile’s idea of liberty as the identification of wills (illustrated by a team captain), and the early modern roots of competing “realities” (Bruno’s historical, Bacon’s empirical, Descartes’ rational). (This is an automatically generated summary.)  pOriginally published:cLondon: Sheed & Ward, 1927  aPolitical science  aState, The  aItaly -- Politics and government -- 1914-1945  aPartito nazionale fascista (Italy)4 uhttps://archive.org/details/pedigreeoffascis0000unse/page/n5/mode/2up40uhttps://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/77090  c117812d117812