02875cam a22003493u 450000100060000000300070000600500170001300600020003000700050003200800410003701000150007804000110009304100170010405000070012110000570012824500270018526400510021230000470026333600260031033700260033633800360036250000310039850802270042952016220065653400570227865300150233565300200235065300210237085600720239185600430246399900190250677753UtSlPG20260610134812.0mcr n260607r20261922utu|||||o|||||||||||||| d  asg22000139  aUtSlPG 7aen2iso639-1 4aHB1 aCarr-Saunders, A. M.q(Alexander Morris),d1886-196614aThe population problem 1aSalt Lake City, UT :bProject Gutenberg,c2026  a1 online resource :bmultiple file formats  atextbtxt2rdacontent  acomputerbc2rdamedia  aonline resourcebcr2rdacarrier  aRelease date is 2026-01-23  aRichard Tonsing, Aaron Adrignola, Tim Lindell, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)  aThe population problem by A. M. Carr-Saunders is a scientific treatise written in the early 20th century. It examines population through both quantitative (numbers, growth, resources) and qualitative (heredity, evolution, eugenics) lenses, framing modern concerns within a broad biological and historical perspective. The work aims to connect economic debates with evolutionary theory, surveying how customs, institutions, and biological factors shape fertility and human development.

The opening of the work sets out its wartime origins, ambitious scope, and method: to view population questions historically and evolutionarily, and to relate issues of numbers and quality to a common biological basis. It then offers a brisk historical survey from Plato and Roman writers to mercantilists and early economists, culminating in Malthus’s influence, the heated reception of his ideas, early neo-Malthusian advocacy, and the decisive impact on Darwin and Wallace. The text next lays biological groundwork: explaining sexual reproduction, gametes, and fertilization; showing that among animals most ripe ova are fertilized due to vast sperm production and strong sexual instincts; and sketching reflex, instinct, and elementary intelligence. It concludes, for the opening portion, that animal reproduction is essentially “mechanical” (fecundity ≈ realized fertility), whereas in humans conceptual thought and socially shaped practices (e.g., abstinence, abortion, infanticide, sexual customs) intervene, creating a gap between innate fecundity and actual fertility. (This is an automatically generated summary.)  pOriginally published:cOxford: Clarendon Press, 1922  aPopulation  aHuman evolution  aFertility, Human4 uhttps://archive.org/details/populationproble00carr/page/n5/mode/2up40uhttps://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/77753  c118473d118473