Ortega y Gasset, José 1883-1955 creator text utu 2018 monographic es 1 online resource : multiple file formats "España invertebrada: Bosquejo de algunos pensamientos históricos" by Ortega y Gasset is a philosophical essay published in 1921 that diagnoses Spain's social and political crisis. Ortega identifies three layers of national decay: superficial political errors, dangerous particularism threatening unity through separatist movements, and most profoundly, what he calls "aristophobia"—a hatred of excellence embedded in the Spanish soul. Tracing this malady to medieval roots and the absence of strong feudalism, he argues that mass rebellion against the best has caused Spain's great historical failure. (This is an automatically generated summary.) Wikipedia page about this book: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espa%C3%B1a_invertebrada Release date is 2018-09-27 Produced by Ramon Pajares Box and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries) Original publication data not identified Spain -- Civilization -- Philosophy DP Original publication data not identified https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/57982 https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/57982 UtSlPG 260607 20260610134333.0 57982