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001 76754
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040 _aUtSlPG
041 7 _anl
_2iso639-1
050 4 _aQL
100 1 _aBölsche, Wilhelm,
_d1861-1939
240 1 4 _aDas Pferd und seine Geschichte. Dutch
245 1 4 _aHet paard
264 1 _aSalt Lake City, UT :
_bProject Gutenberg,
_c2025
300 _a1 online resource :
_bmultiple file formats
336 _atext
_btxt
_2rdacontent
337 _acomputer
_bc
_2rdamedia
338 _aonline resource
_bcr
_2rdacarrier
500 _aRelease date is 2025-08-28
508 _aJeroen Hellingman and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net/ for Project Gutenberg
520 _a"Het paard : in zijne natuurlijke ontwikkeling" by Wilhelm Bölsche is a popular scientific treatise written in the early 20th century. It explores the natural history and evolution of the horse, tracing its lineage from small, multi‑toed ancestors to the modern, single‑toed runner, and examines its close symbiosis with humans as a domesticated animal. Expect a blend of anatomy, paleontology, and behavioral insight that connects fossil evidence, comparative anatomy, and cultural history to explain what makes the horse unique. The opening of this work sets out its purpose: to tell the full evolutionary story of the horse, beginning with tiny Eocene ancestors and linking them to living forms and domestic breeds. It recaps the rise of mammals from reptile‑like forebears through monotremes and marsupials to early placental groups, highlighting a pivotal Eocene fauna (the “Cernays” forms) from which hoofed animals emerge. The text defines domestication as a lasting symbiosis rather than mere captivity, illustrating the idea with classic plant–fungus and ant–aphid partnerships before applying it to horses, dogs, and livestock. A clear, step‑by‑step anatomical comparison explains how the horse stands on a single middle toe, with splint bones as vestiges of lost digits, and how this design achieves speed, endurance, and load‑bearing. It then sketches the horse’s instincts and signal‑sensitivity (including the “Clever Hans” case) and turns to the fossil record, from Cuvier’s early finds to the rich American deposits, noting that true horses once ranged widely in the Americas before disappearing there prior to European contact. (This is an automatically generated summary.)
534 _pOriginally published:
_cAmsterdam: Gebr. Graauw, 1912
653 _aHorses
700 1 _aGoudsmit, B. C.
_q(Boudewijn Casper),
_d1849-1915
856 4 0 _uhttps://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/76754
999 _c117479
_d117479