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001			77173
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040			_aUtSlPG
041		7	_aen _2iso639-1
050		4	_aD
100	1		_aCox, George W. _q(George William), _d1827-1902
245	1	4	_aThe crusades
264		1	_aSalt Lake City, UT : _bProject Gutenberg, _c2025
300			_a1 online resource : _bmultiple file formats
336			_atext _btxt _2rdacontent
337			_acomputer _bc _2rdamedia
338			_aonline resource _bcr _2rdacarrier
500			_aRelease date is 2025-11-03
508			_aBrian Coe and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by the Library of Congress)
520			_a"The Crusades" by George W. Cox is a historical account written in the late 19th century. It surveys the origins, course, and consequences of the medieval expeditions to the Holy Land, explaining how popular piety, papal leadership, and European politics converged to launch and sustain the crusading movement and reshape society, commerce, and church power. The opening of the work traces how a universal, non-local early Christianity evolved into fervent pilgrimage to the Holy Land, fueled by relic cults and commerce, then buffeted by Persian-Roman wars, Heraclius’s recovery of the True Cross, Omar’s comparatively tolerant conquest of Jerusalem, and later Fatimid and Seljuk disruptions that imperiled pilgrims and trade. It shows how outrage in the West needed papal sanction, recounts Gregory VII’s failed overtures, and then centers on Urban II at Clermont: the Truce of God, his rousing call, the “Deus vult” response, adoption of the cross, and sweeping spiritual, social, and financial incentives that strengthened papal authority and strained feudal structures. It emphasizes that the crusades were not national enterprises, detailing the varied readiness of regions and the church’s growing wealth and reach. At the start of the narrative proper, it depicts the chaotic first waves: unruly mobs led by Peter the Hermit and Walter the Penniless, further bands under Emico and Gotschalk, brutal pogroms against Jews along the Rhine, a brief imperial intervention for their protection, and the early march across Hungary and Bulgaria toward Constantinople. (This is an automatically generated summary.)
534			_pOriginally published: _cNew York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1890
653			_aCrusades
700	1		_aMorris, Edward Ellis, _d1843-1901
856	4		_uhttps://archive.org/details/crusades01coxg/page/106/mode/2up
856	4	0	_uhttps://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/77173
999			_c117894 _d117894