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100	1		_aBoas, Franz, _d1858-1942
245	1	0	_aAnthropology and modern life
264		1	_aSalt Lake City, UT : _bProject Gutenberg, _c2025
300			_a1 online resource : _bmultiple file formats
336			_atext _btxt _2rdacontent
337			_acomputer _bc _2rdamedia
338			_aonline resource _bcr _2rdacarrier
500			_aRelease date is 2025-11-05
505	0		_aWhat is anthropology? -- The problem of race -- The interrelation of races -- Nationalism -- Eugenics -- Criminology -- Stability of culture -- Education -- Modern civilization and primitive culture.
508			_aSean/IB@DP
520			_a"Anthropology and Modern Life" by Franz Boas is a scientific treatise written in the early 20th century. It argues that anthropological insight clarifies modern social problems—especially race, nationalism, eugenics, crime, and education—by showing how culture and environment, not innate racial heredity, shape human differences. Drawing on empirical critique of popular errors and testing practices, it challenges biological determinism and urges policy guided by rigorous, culture-centered analysis. The opening of the work redefines anthropology as the study of humans in groups, focusing on how bodily, physiological, and mental traits are distributed and molded by social conditions rather than by individual “types.” It then dismantles common ideas about race: most traits vary within populations, visible “types” are subjective, heredity acts along family lines, environment can slightly alter form, and differences (including brain size) overlap so much that they do not index intelligence. Test scores and behaviors, Boas shows, reflect training, language, and circumstance more than innate capacity, and ethnology consistently finds cultural patterns cutting across bodily types. Turning to race consciousness, he calls it a learned habit of closed societies, reinforced by visible markers and law; intermarriage patterns follow power and norms, not instinct, with contemporary color-based assortative mating among Black Americans producing predictable shifts. He urges mixing children’s social groups and judging migrants and mates by individual and family qualities rather than racial labels. Finally, he distinguishes nation from nationality, rejects myths of pure “Aryan” or national races, notes Europe’s deep intermixture, explains why language alone cannot found a nation, and points toward a federation of nations serving shared human aims. (This is an automatically generated summary.)
534			_pOriginally published: _cNew York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1928
653			_aSocial problems
653			_aAnthropology
653			_aRace
856	4		_uhttps://archive.org/details/anthropologymode0000unse_b7z0/page/n5/mode/2up
856	4	0	_uhttps://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/77181
999			_c117902 _d117902