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040 _aUtSlPG
041 7 _aen
_2iso639-1
050 4 _aQK
100 1 _aHenkel, Alice,
_d1869-1916
245 1 0 _aAmerican medicinal barks
264 1 _aSalt Lake City, UT :
_bProject Gutenberg,
_c2025
300 _a1 online resource :
_bmultiple file formats
336 _atext
_btxt
_2rdacontent
337 _acomputer
_bc
_2rdamedia
338 _aonline resource
_bcr
_2rdacarrier
490 1 _aBulletin (United States. Bureau of Plant Industry) ; no. 139.
500 _aRelease date is 2025-11-28
505 0 _aIntroduction -- The collection of barks -- Trees and shrubs furnishing medicinal barks: White pine (Pinus strobus). Tamarack (Larix laricina). Aspen (Populus tremuloides). White willow (Salix alba). Bayberry (Myrica cerifera). Butternut (Juglans cinerea). Ironwood (Ostrya virginiana). Sweet birch (Betula lenta). Tag-alder (Alnus rugosa). White oak (Quercus alba). Slippery elm (Ulmus pubescens). Magnolia (Magnolia acuminata, M. tripetala, and M. glauca). Tulip-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera). Sassafras (Sassafras sassafras). Spicebush (Benzoin benzoin). Witch-hazel (Hamamelis virginiana). Blackberry (Rubus villosus, R. nigrobaccus, and R. cuneifolius). American mountain-ash (Sorbus americana). Wild cherry (Prunus serotina). Prickly ash (Xanthoxylum americanum and X. clava-herculis). Wafer-ash (Ptelea trifoliata). Black alder (Ilex verticillata). Wahoo (Euonymus atropurpureus). False bittersweet (Celastrus scandens). Horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum). Cascara sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana). Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Dogwood (Cornus florida). Moosewood (Dirca palustris). White ash (Fraxinus americana). Fringe-tree (Chionanthus virginica). Bittersweet (Solanum dulcamara). Buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis). Cramp-bark tree (Viburnum opulus). Black haw (Viburnum prunifolium).
508 _aHendrik Kaiber and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)
520 _a"American medicinal barks" by Alice Henkel is a scientific bulletin written in the early 20th century. It surveys the barks of North American trees and shrubs used in medicine, providing identification, collection and preparation methods, trade considerations, pharmacopoeial status, and customary uses. Intended as a practical guide and reference, it couples botanical detail with market-oriented advice and cautions about sustainable harvesting. The opening of the bulletin sets the official context (a U.S. Department of Agriculture publication), states the scope (35 drugs, covering both “official” and “nonofficial” barks), and explains its purpose as a guide rather than a prescriptive medical text. It warns that indiscriminate bark stripping harms forests and urges careful methods and replanting, then outlines best practices for harvesting (chiefly spring or late fall), rossing and peeling, drying and packing, and consulting dealers because prices fluctuate. The text then begins a series of concise species profiles that combine habitat and range, diagnostic features, the look and feel of the commercial bark, collection timing, typical market prices, and principal medicinal actions. Early entries span a wide range—from white pine, tamarack, aspen, and willow to sassafras, witch-hazel, wild cherry, prickly ash, wahoo, horse-chestnut, and cascara sagrada—with cotton introduced next. (This is an automatically generated summary.)
534 _pOriginally published:
_cWashington: Government printing office, 1909
653 _aWoody plants -- Therapeutic use -- United States
653 _aBark -- Therapeutic use -- United States
700 1 _aGalloway, B. T.
_q(Beverly Thomas),
_d1863-1938
830 0 _aBulletin (United States. Bureau of Plant Industry) ; no. 139.
856 4 _uhttps://archive.org/details/americanmedicina139henk
856 4 0 _uhttps://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/77360
999 _c118080
_d118080