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001			78697
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010			_a30004952
040			_aUtSlPG
041		7	_aen _2iso639-1
050		4	_aDK _aE151
100	1		_aFletcher, John Gould, _d1886-1950
245	1	4	_aThe two frontiers
264		1	_aSalt Lake City, UT : _bProject Gutenberg, _c2026
300			_a1 online resource : _bmultiple file formats
336			_atext _btxt _2rdacontent
337			_acomputer _bc _2rdamedia
338			_aonline resource _bcr _2rdacarrier
500			_aRelease date is 2026-05-17
508			_aSean (@parchmentglow)
520			_a"The two frontiers" by John Gould Fletcher is a study in historical psychology and comparative history written in the early 20th century. It explores the parallel rise of Russia and the United States as river-born civilizations, reading history through symbolic lenses of art, religion, geography, and climate to illuminate present choices. Fletcher critiques both complacent progress-worship and nostalgic pessimism, arguing for a myth-informed, value-centered understanding that can direct the future. The opening of this study argues that history should guide the present rather than serve as antiquarian recovery, and proposes reading civilizations symbolically through their art and religion. It contrasts Egypt (tomb cult, Osiris-Amen-Ra synthesis, totemistic substrata, stable river life) with Babylonia (astral gods, shamanism, law and custom, element-driven climate), then pivots to the sixteenth-century crisis in Europe and two “small” turning points—Columbus’s westward voyage and Sophia’s marriage to Ivan III—as seeds of modern world-history. Fletcher advances a fivefold environmental typology and applies it to North America and Russia as river cultures, tracing American local self-government, religious diversity, and frontier settlement (against Spanish exploitation and French trading networks) while likening the colonies to Egyptian nomes. In parallel he outlines Muscovy’s consolidation under Ivan III and Ivan IV, the autocratic turn, the “Time of Troubles,” Romanov recovery, and the entrenchment of serfdom, framing Russia’s relentless drive for a sea outlet. He then follows the colonies from Bacon’s Rebellion through charter crises to the Glorious Revolution, Peter the Great’s westernizing statecraft, and the Anglo-French colonial wars that forged American solidarity. The section culminates in the dualisms that will define both nations—Russian autocracy versus peasantry and American North-versus-South—and sets Catherine the Great and George Washington as emblematic figures, before surveying Europe’s fractured post-medieval unity and the divergent inheritances of “Third Rome” Moscow and republican-minded America shaped by harsh climates and mobile frontiers. (This is an automatically generated summary.)
534			_pOriginally published: _cNew York: Coward-McCann, Inc., 1930
653			_aUnited States -- Civilization
653			_aSoviet Union -- Civilization
856	4		_uhttps://archive.org/details/twofrontiers0000john/page/n5/mode/2up
856	4	0	_uhttps://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/78697
999			_c119415 _d119415